Chemical Mechanism & Reactor Conditions
The reaction proceeds in autoclave pressure vessels at temperatures between 130°C and 180°C and hydrogen pressures of 10 to 30 bar:
CH₃(CH₂)₅CH(OH)CH₂CH=CH(CH₂)₇COO- + H₂ → CH₃(CH₂)₅CH(OH)CH₂CH₂-CH₂(CH₂)₇COO-
The key technical challenge is achieving complete saturation of the C9=C10 double bond without stripping or reducing the critical C12 hydroxyl (-OH) group, preserving the molecule's unique chemical polarity.
End Products & Downstream Flaking
Following hydrogenation, the molten wax is filtered through hermetic leaf pressure filters to remove all catalyst particles (nickel content < 5 ppm). The molten wax is routed to chill-roll flakers to produce free-flowing, dust-free white flakes with a sharp melting point of 85°C to 88°C.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between partial and full hydrogenation? +
Full hydrogenation reduces the Iodine Value below 3.0, producing hard, brittle Castor Wax. Partial hydrogenation leaves unreacted double bonds, resulting in softer, pliable paste-like waxes.
Is the nickel catalyst safe for downstream cosmetic applications? +
Yes. Complete pressure leaf filtration ensures residual nickel is reduced below analytical detection limits (< 5 ppm), fully conforming to global cosmetic and industrial safety requirements.